Parts of an Induction Motor
INSTRUCTORS INTRODUCTION
A.C. MOTOR CONSTRUCTION:
The A.C. Induction Motor has three main parts, rotor, stator and enclosure. The stator and rotor do the work and the enclosure protects the rotor and stator.
STATOR CORE:
The stator is the stationary part of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit and is made up of thin metal sheets, called laminations. Laminations are used to reduce energy losses that would result if a solid core was used. Stator laminations are stacked together forming a hollow cylinder to reduce eddy current and hysteresis losses.
STATOR WINDINGS:
Coils of insulated wire are inserted into slots of the stator core. When the assembled motor is in operation, the stator windings are connected directly to the power source. Each grouping of coils together with the steel core it surrounds becomes an electromagnet when current is applied. Induction is the basic principal behind motor operation.
ROTOR CONSTRUCTION:
The rotor is the rotating part of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit. The most common type of rotor used in a three phase induction motor is a squirrel cage rotor. The squirrel cage rotor is so called because its construction is reminiscent of the rotating exercise wheel found in some pet cages. A squirrel cage rotor core is made by stacking thin steel laminations to form a cylinder. Rather than using coils of wire as conductors, conductor bars are die case into the slots evenly spaced around the cylinder. Most squirrel cage rotors are made by die casting aluminum to form the conductor bars. After die casting, rotor conductor bars are mechanically and electrically connected with end rings. The rotor is then pressed onto a steel shaft to form a rotor assembly.
ENCLOSURE:
The enclosure consists of a frame and two end bells (or bearing housings) the stator is mounted inside the frame. The rotor fits inside the stator with a slight air gap separating it from the stator. There is no physical connection between the rotor and the stator. The enclosure protects the internal parts of the motor from water and other environmental elements. The degree of protection depends of the type of enclosure.
BEARINGS AND FAN:
Bearings mounted on the shaft, support the rotor and allow it to turn. Some motors use a fan also mounted on the rotor shaft to cool the motor when the shaft is rotating.
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Paragraph. CONSTRUCTION OF THE SQUIRREL CAGE MOTOR:
The most common type of three phase induction motor is the squirrel cage type. The electric motor has its name derived from the fact that the rotor assemble resembles the wheel of a squirrel’s cage. It has a very simple and durable design. While materials and insulation systems have changed, the basic principles and operation of an electric motor has not changed very much over the last 100 years. An electric motor is made up of five basic components they are, the stator assembly, the rotor assembly, the bearings, the shaft and end bells.
The most common type of three phase induction motor is the squirrel cage type. The electric motor has its name derived from the fact that the rotor assemble resembles the wheel of a squirrel’s cage. It has a very simple and durable design. While materials and insulation systems have changed, the basic principles and operation of an electric motor has not changed very much over the last 100 years. An electric motor is made up of five basic components they are, the stator assembly, the rotor assembly, the bearings, the shaft and end bells.
